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Research Use OnlyA table of contents for long-form research pages. These briefs summarize external content, review claims against primary sources, and keep the storefront's research posture separate from human-use marketing.
13 published briefs.
Retatrutide targets three receptors simultaneously — GIP, GLP-1, and glucagon — and produced the largest weight reduction ever recorded in a phase 2 obesity trial. This brief reviews what the NEJM data actually shows.
SURMOUNT-1 enrolled 2,539 adults and showed that dual GIP/GLP-1 receptor agonism with tirzepatide produced dose-dependent weight loss of up to 22.5%, eclipsing single-target semaglutide results and validating multi-target peptide design.
The STEP 1 trial enrolled nearly 2,000 adults and showed that once-weekly semaglutide 2.4 mg produced an average 14.9% weight loss over 68 weeks — the largest effect recorded in a pharmacological obesity trial at the time.
MOTS-c shattered a long-held assumption — that mitochondria are passive energy producers. This peptide, encoded by mitochondrial DNA, acts as a systemic metabolic signal that mimics key effects of physical exercise.
NAD+ is essential for cellular energy, DNA repair, and sirtuin signaling. Its decline with age is one of the most reproducible findings in gerontology. This brief reviews what the leading research says about restoring it.
BPC-157 has one of the largest preclinical evidence bases of any experimental peptide, with wound healing data spanning gut, tendon, ligament, muscle, bone, nerve, and blood vessels. This brief reviews what 25 years of research actually shows.
GHK-Cu is a naturally occurring tripeptide that declines with age. Broad Institute gene expression data revealed it modulates over 4,000 human genes involved in tissue repair, inflammation, and aging.
Elamipretide stabilizes the inner mitochondrial membrane by binding cardiolipin, restoring electron transport chain efficiency. Its FDA approval for Barth syndrome validates an entirely new class of peptide therapeutics.
Thymosin alpha-1 has the longest regulatory track record of any immunomodulatory peptide. Approved across Asia and parts of Europe for hepatitis B and as a cancer immunotherapy adjuvant, it remains under-recognized in Western medicine.
Tesamorelin is a synthetic GHRH analog that reduced visceral adipose tissue by 15.2% in the pivotal NEJM trial. It remains the only growth hormone secretagogue to achieve FDA approval — a credibility anchor for the entire peptide class.
Semax is an ACTH(4-10) fragment analog approved in Russia and Ukraine for cognitive and neurological conditions. Research shows it upregulates BDNF in the hippocampus, providing a molecular basis for its reported nootropic effects.
Epithalon (Ala-Glu-Asp-Gly) was shown to activate telomerase and elongate telomeres in human cells in 2003. Twenty-five years later, the research has expanded but remains concentrated in a single group.
This brief reviews a herpes-focused podcast episode, summarizes what the host argues, and separates established HSV biology from more speculative intervention claims.